A boat taking a penalty that includes a tack shall have the spinnaker
head below the main-boom gooseneck from the time she passes head to wind until
she is on a close-hauled course.
No part of a penalty may be taken inside the
zone
of a rounding
mark
that begins, bounds or ends the leg the boat is on.
If a boat has one outstanding penalty, she may take the penalty any time after
starting
and before
finishing
. If a boat has two outstanding penalties, she shall take one of them as soon as reasonably
possible, but not before
starting
When the umpires display a red flag with or soon after a penalty flag,
the penalized boat shall take a penalty as soon as reasonably possible, but not before
starting
.